Killing the contamination power of biofilms

Biofilms are the leading cause of cross contamination of food and non-food materials upon contact with contaminated surfaces. The bacterial aggregations also increase bacterial resistance to antimicrobials, as well as to disinfectants, and pose significant threats to food safety.

Now some specially designed plastic films have been developed which can not only kill the bacteria in biofilms but can also prevent the formation of biofilms.

“We tested the modified plastic films using two relevant foodborne pathogens — Escherichia coli and Listeria,” said corresponding author Nitin Nitin, PhD, Professor and Engineer, Departments of Food Science and Technology and Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis. “The tests were conducted to evaluate prevention of biofilm formation, as well as treatment of pre-formed biofilms.”

The researchers modified plastic films by integrating ‘N-halamines’ within the polymer matrix of the plastic. N-halamines are composed of a nitrogen and a chlorine atom, in some cases with other elements attached.

Depending on the precise composition, the N-halamines can kill bacteria on contact, or by releasing the chlorine to kill the bacteria. In the latter cases, bathing the plastic films in bleach can recharge the N-halamines with chlorine, as shown in the study.

“Many foodborne disease outbreaks can be traced back to cross-contamination of food with pathogenic bacteria,” said Dr Nitin. “Currently, we do not have an active approach to continuously prevent deposition of bacteria during food processing operations and can only remove these deposits after processing — during a cleaning shift. Similar risks exist in the hospital environment.”

Conventional sanitisers are difficult to work with in the food production environment because access to areas of potential contamination is limited.

Dr Nitin noted that the plastic films used in this study are versatile and can be cast or modelled into different shapes, “such as conveyor belts, self-sanitising globes, plastic bins for food transport or a plastic mat for biomedical tools. Furthermore, these plastic films can be easily added to existing equipment as a lining material.”

The research has been published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology.