Food laboratory accuracy remains a concern

Food microbiology laboratories continue to submit false negative results and false positive results on a routine basis. A retrospective study of nearly 40,000 proficiency test results over the past 14 years, presented at the 113th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, examined the ability of food laboratories to detect or rule out the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter.

“There is concern when laboratories report that pathogens are not found in a food sample, when in fact they are there,” explained Christopher Snabes, lead author on the study. “This is known as a ‘false negative’. Similar concerns arise when a laboratory reports a ‘false positive’ suggesting that pathogens are in the food sample, when indeed they are not.”

The study found that, on average, food laboratories report false negatives of 9.1% for Campylobacter and 4.9% for Salmonella. The false positive rate, on average, is 3.9% for Salmonella and 2.5% for both E. coli and Listeria.

This study was conducted by the American Proficiency Institute (API) in Michigan. API is a private institute that supplies proficiency testing programs for food laboratories and clinical laboratories.

API offers proficiency testing (PT) as an objective method for measuring the accuracy of a laboratory. Participants use API PT to examine the accuracy of their laboratory personnel and their testing methods. The purpose of PT is to determine if the laboratory professional can properly respond to API with correct answers as to what API places in a food sample. PT may test for presence or absence of a substance in a qualitative test, and sometimes PT may require an enumeration response, or quantitative test.

Currently, food laboratories are not required to assess the accuracy or quality of their tests. Laboratories that utilise API PT are doing so voluntarily. Some laboratories use API services to obtain and maintain accreditation.

Proficiency testing is an objective means for measuring laboratory accuracy. “Improved accuracy in our nation’s food laboratories will lead to a safer food supply,” Snabes said.