Printed food could be easy to swallow for dysphagia sufferers

From tiny bird houses to car parts and even miniature models of yourself — 3D printing is fast becoming more accessible and easier to use than ever before. But did you know that you can 3D print food? Meat research leader Dr Aarti Tobin is working on dysphagia that could one day be helped by 3D printed food.

Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing food or liquids, is prevalent in the elderly. It’s caused by reduced muscle control, stroke, neurological dysfunction and even losing teeth. Dysphagia can lead to malnutrition, dehydration, aspiration pneumonia and sadly, death.

Food for dysphagia in elderly care settings is often minced and/or pureed and served with an ice-cream scoop. Texture modified, moulded and restructured foods are also commonly used. These preparation methods make food soft and very easy to eat and swallow for dysphagia sufferers, but the food can lack visual appeal. For others such as people with dementia, it mightn’t look like food as they remember it and they can be less likely to eat it at all.

Tobin says that “we eat with our eyes”, so we make the decision whether we’re going to eat something depending on how appetising it looks on our plate.

Growing problem for an ageing population

With an expected 25% of the Australian population over 65 years old by 2045, it will be all the more important to make food look like food and be easy to eat for our vulnerable populations.

Enter 3D printing! 3D printing works by precisely adding layer after layer of a material to create a 3D object from one or more nozzles.

NASA has developed a 3D food printer that can make pizzas for astronauts in space. One nozzle mixes and prints a dough slurry, another a tomato layer and so on. It helps solve the problem of astronauts having to stomach rehydrated space food, often for long periods of time.

3D printing can also make food that looks like real food but is soft and palatable and contains the specific nutrition we require as we get older, such as high protein.

Even better, 3D printing could one day help us to personalise our nutrition. Need more iron this morning after that busy weekend? What if our clever biosensing device could talk to our benchtop 3D printing food generator and create an iron-rich lunch designed especially for us? We’re starting to take sci-fi dreams like this to reality with our future science platforms.

CSIRO’s Lab 22, a $6 million additive manufacturing centre, is making 3D printing of metals more accessible for industry. The knowledge gained of 3D printing in other materials is now being applied to the world of food.

A lot of work is still needed on printed foods, such as getting the ‘inks’ right (that is, the food components), making sure they’re safe over time, improving print speeds and more. And, of course, the food has to taste great!

Originally published here.